In 1846, 11 years after the United States was notified that it was due to receive a gift of half a million dollars from the estate of the Englishman James Smithson for the “increase and diffusion of knowledge,” Congress passed the law establishing the institution. Why is the chief justice of the United States also the chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution? He and later Indian teachers made yoga part of American culture by the mid-20th century. ![]() Transcendentalists like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were influenced by Indian spiritual thought in 19th-century America, says Mark Singleton, consultant and catalog author for the Smithsonian Sackler Gallery’s exhibition “Yoga: The Art of Transformation.” But it was the Kolkata-born Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda who first presented practical yoga to American audiences, lecturing, holding retreats and publishing books in the 1890s. Like apes, humans have 32 permanent teeth (counting wisdom teeth). They’re born toothless because their initial food source is their mother’s milk, and they develop baby-or deciduous-teeth as they wean, then permanent teeth as they mature. In fact, most mammals have two sets of teeth in their lifetime. As with humans, you can tell an ape’s age by looking at its teeth, says Erin Stromberg, primate keeper at the Smithsonian National Zoo. Peter Norris, Summer Hill, New South Wales, Australiaįor sure. The glow of a neon sign? That’s plasma at work, as is the image on your plasma TV screen.ĭo other animal species have baby teeth and adult teeth, like humans? That charge allows plasmas to behave in ways gases can’t. Like gases, plasmas have no fixed shape or volume but unlike gases, which are electrically neutral, plasmas are positively charged. Though the other three forms are more common on earth, plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe-it’s what stars are made of. ![]() The general consensus, says Katya Vines, senior science curriculum developer at the Smithsonian Science Education Center, is that there is a fourth fundamental state of matter that appears naturally: plasma. Yes, there are others-the universe has been found to be more complex since many of us were in high school. I was taught that there are three kinds of matter: solids, liquids and gases.
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